3 Price variation between payers within centers was assessed with the ratio between the maximum and minimum negotiated price (“within-center ratio”). To compare prices between centers, we determined the ratio between the maximum and minimum median payer-negotiated price across centers (“across-center ratio”) for both unadjusted rates and prices normalized for geographic factors using the 2021 Practice Expense Geographic Practice Cost Index. Hospital markup was estimated by subtracting the estimated manufacturer price ($23,100) 2 from median payer price of the summed individual components (pulse generator, respiratory sensing lead, stimulating lead).
News & World Report Best Otolaryngology Hospitals and extracted hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) payer-negotiated prices from online price transparency files with price data that was current as of October 5, 2021. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of all hospitals listed as 2021–2022 U.S. We investigated available payer-negotiated prices for the Inspire Upper Airway Stimulator (Inspire Medical Systems (Golden Valley, MN)), which is a rapidly growing surgical implant treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Effective January 1, 2021, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services require hospital disclosure of prices negotiated with insurers. Medical device spending can be an important source of health care savings, 1 but understanding of device costs is limited by proprietary purchase prices by hospitals and opaque reimbursement by insurance.
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